The LC

LC/MS Interface Technology Reviews

Reviews on ES

ES On-Line Tutorials-

Interpreting Electrospray Mass Spectra
www.ionsource.com/tutorial/spectut/spec1.htm

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry
www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ebl5/encyclopedia.html

Ionization/Interface
www.jeolusa.com/ms/docs/ionize.html

ES Key Reference(s)-

ES LC/MS: pages 661R-663R, 666R
ES Theory: pages 661R-663R
ES & pH: pages 664R-665R
Matrix Background/Effect in ES: page 664R
CE/MS: 665R-666R
High-Through Put Strategies: pages 666R-667R
Burlingame, A.L., Boyd, R.K., Gaskell, S.J., "Mass Spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 70, pages 467R-716R (1998).

ES and Non-Volatile Buffers
Richards, D.S., Verrier, H.M., Major, H., Preece, S., "Evaluation of an atmospheric pressure ionization ion sopurce for high-throughput analysis of drugs directly from cell culture media at high ionic strength," American Biotchnology Laboratory 17, pages 58, 60 (1999).

Mobile Phase/Matrix Effect of Acetic, Formic & Trifluororacetic Acids
Apffel, A., Chakel, J. Hancock, W.S., "Approaches to On-line HPLC/ESI-MS for the Analysis of Proteins." Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, Florida, May 31-June 4, page 538 (1998).

High Perfomance Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Tomer, K.B., Deterding, L.J., Parker, C.E., Chapter 12, IN: High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis, Khaledi, M.G. (editor), John Wiley & Sons: New York (1998).

A Historial Perspective of the Coupling of LC & MS
Abian, J., "The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry," J. Mass Spectrom. 34, pages 157-168 (1999).

Electrospray: Principles & Practice
Gaskell, S.J., J Mass Spectrom. 32, pages 677-688 (1997).

Electrospray Ionization-Principles and Practice
Fenn, J.B., Mann, M., Meng, Ch.K., Wong, Sh.F., Whitehouse, C.M., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 9, pages 37-70 (1990).

Interpreting Mass Spectra of Multiplied Charged Ions
Mann, M., Meng, C.K., Fenn, J.B., Anal. Chem. 61, pages 1702-1708 (1989).

Multiple Charging in Electrospray Ionization of Poly(ethylene glycols)
Wong, S.F., Meng, C.K., Fenn, J.B., J. Phys. Chem. 92, pages 546-550 (1988).

ES Technology Review(s)-

Ion Funnel Interface
Shaffer, S.A., Prior, D.C., Anderson, G.A., Udseth, H.R., Smith, R.D., "An ion funnel interface for improved ion focusing and sensitivity using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 70, pages 4111-4119 (1998).

Appendix C and Chapter 2 of "A Global View of LC/MS"
Willoughby, R.C. Sheehan, E.W., Mitrovich, S. Global View Publishing: Pittsburgh; 500 pages (1997).

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. General Principles and Instrumentation.
Niessen, W.M.A., Tinke, A.P., J. Chromatogr. A 703, pages 37-57 (1995).

Capillary Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
Tomer, K.B., Moseley, M.A., Deterding, L.J., Parker, C.E., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 13, pages 431-457 (1994).

Chapter 10, Electrospray and Ionspray (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 229-245, Marcel Dekker: New York; 479 pages (1992).

Mass Spectrometry with Ion Sources Operating at Atmospheric Pressure.
Bruins, A.P., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, pages 53-77 (1991).

Development of the Electrospray Ionization Technique.
Hamdon, M., Curcuruto, O., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 108, pages 93-113 (1991).

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Related Techniques via Atmospheric Pressure Ionization.
Wachs, T., Conboy, J.C., Garicia, F., Henion, J.D., J. Chromatogr. Sci. 29, pages 357-366 (1991).

Reviews on APCI

APCI On-Line Tutorials-

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry
www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ebl5/encyclopedia.html

Ionization/Interface
http://www.jeolusa.com/ms/docs/ionize.html

APCI Key References-

A Historial Perspective of the Coupling of LC & MS
Abian, J., "The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry," J. Mass Spectrom. 34, pages 157-168 (1999).

Determination of Sulfa Drugs in Biological Fluids by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry.
Henion, J.D., Thomson, B.A., Dawson, P.H., Anal. Chem. 54, pages 451-456 (1982).

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Horning, E.C., Stillwell, R.N., Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 17, pages 337-406 (1981).

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Studies of Negative Ion Formation for Detection and Quantification Purposes.
Horning, E.C., Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Lin, S.N., Stillwell, R.N., Thenot, J.P., J. Chromatogr. 142, pages 481-495 (1977).

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Corona Discharge Ion Source for Use in Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer-Computer Analytical System.
Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Stillwell, R.N., Haegele, K.D., Horning, E.C., Anal. Chem. 47, pages 2369-2373 (1975).

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer-Computer Analytical Systems: A Continuous Flow System Based on Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
Horning, E.C., Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Haegele, K.D., Horning, M.G., Stillwell, R.N., J. Chromatogr. 99, pages 13-21 (1974).

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API) Mass Spectrometry. Solvent Mediated Ionization of Samples Introduced in Solution and in a Liquid Chromatograph Effluent System.
Horning, E.C., Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Haegele, K.D., Horning, M.G., Stillwell, R.N., J. Chromatogr. Sci. 12, pages 725-729 (1974).

APCI Technology Review(s)-

Ion Funnel Interface.
Shaffer, S.A., Prior, D.C., Anderson, G.A., Udseth, H.R., Smith, R.D., "An ion funnel interface for improved ion focusing and sensitivity using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 70, pages 4111-4119 (1998).

Appendix C and Chapter 2 of "A Global View of LC/MS"
Willoughby, R.C. Sheehan, E.W., Mitrovich, S. Global View Publishing: Pittsburgh; 500 pages (1997).

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, General Principles and Instrumentation.
Niessen, W.M.A., Tinke, A.P., J. Chromatogr. A 703, pages 37-57 (1995).

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry II: Applications in Pharmacy, Biochemistry and General Chemistry.
Bruins, A.P., Trends Anal. Chem. 13, pages 81-90 (1994).

Chapter 4, LC-MS Interfacing: A General Overview (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 81-115, Marcel Dekker: New York; 479 pages (1992).

Chapter 14, Chemical Ionization in LC-MS (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 311-350, Marcel Dekker: New York; 479 pages (1992).

Mass Spectrometry with Ion Sources Operating at Atmospheric Pressure.
Bruins, A.P., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, pages 53-77 (1991).

Reviews on Particle Beam [PB]

PB On-Line Tutorials-

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry
www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ebl5/encyclopedia.html
Ionization/Interface
www.jeolusa.com/ms/docs/ionize.html

PB Key References-

A Historial Perspective of the Coupling of LC & MS
Abian, J., "The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry," J. Mass Spectrom. 34, pages 157-168 (1999).

Capillary-Scale Particle-Beam Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Interface: Can Electron Ionization Sustain the Competition
Cappiello, A., Famiglini, G., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9, pages 993-1001 (1998).

Particle Beam: pages 664R
Burlingame, A.L., Boyd, R.K., Gaskell, S.J., "Mass Spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 70, pages 467R-716R (1998).

Micro Flow Rate Particle Beam Interface for Capillary Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
Cappiello, A., Bruner, F., Anal. Chem. 65, pages 1281-1287 (1993).

Mass Transport and Calibration in Liquid Chromatography Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry.
Ho, J.S., Behymer, T.D., Budde, W.L., Bellar, T.A., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3, pages 662-671 (1992).

Investigation of Enhanced Ion Abundances from a Carrier Process in High Performance Liquid Chromatography Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry.
Bellar, T.A., Behymer, T.D., Budde, W.L., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1, pages 92-98 (1990).

Liquid Chromatography/Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry of Polar Compounds of Environmental Interest.
Behymer, T.D., Bellar, T.A., Budde, W.L., Anal. Chem. 62, pages 1686-1690 (1990).

Performance of an Improved Monodispersed Aerosol Generation Interface for Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
Winkler, P.C., Perkins, D.D., Williams, W.K., Browner, R.F., Anal. Chem. 60, pages 489-493 (1988).

Aerosols as Microsample Introduction Media for Mass Spectrometry.
Browner, R.F., Winkler, P.C., Perkins, D.D., Abbey, L.E., Microchem. J. 34, pages 15-24 (1986).

Development and Applications of the MAGIC LC/MS Interface.
Winkler, P.C., Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (1986).

Monodisperse Aerosol Generation Interface for Coupling Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy.
Willoughby, R.C., Browner, R.F., Anal. Chem. 56, pages 2626-2631(1984).

Studies with an Aerosol Generation Interface for Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Willoughby, R.C., Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (1983).

PB Technology Review(s)-

Appendix C and Chapter 2 of "A Global View of LC/MS"
Willoughby, R.C. Sheehan, E.W., Mitrovich, S., Global View Publishing: Pittsburgh; 500 pages (1997).

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, General Principles and Instrumentation.
Niessen, W.M.A., Tinke, A.P., J. Chromatogr. A 703, pages 37-57 (1995).

Chapter 9, The Particle-Beam Interface (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 219-228, Marcel Dekker: New York; 479 pages (1992).

Reviews on Thermospray [TS]

TS On-Line Tutorials-

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry
www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ebl5/encyclopedia.html|
Ionization/Interface
www.jeolusa.com/ms/docs/ionize.html

TS Key References-

A Historial Perspective of the Coupling of LC & MS.
Abian, J., "The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry," J. Mass Spectrom. 34, pages 157-168 (1999

Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Techniques and Applications.
Yergey, A.L., Edmonds, C.G., Lewis, I.A.S., Vestal, M.L., Plenum Press: New York; 316 pages (1990).

Ionization Techniques for Nonvolatile Molecules.
Vestal, M.L., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2, pages 447-480 (1983).

TS Technology Review(s)-

Appendix C and Chapter 2 of "A Global View of LC/MS"
Willoughby, R.C. Sheehan, E.W., Mitrovich, S. Global View Publishing: Pittsburgh; 500 pages (1997).

Chapter 7, The Thermospray Interface (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 157-201, Marcel Dekker: New York; 479 pages (1992).

Combined Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Part II. Techniques and Mechanisms of Thermospray.
Arpino, P., Mass Spectrom. Rev. 9, pages 631-669 (1990).

Reviews on Continuous Flow FAB [CFF]

FAB/CFF On-Line Tutorials-

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry
www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ebl5/encyclopedia.html
Ionization/Interface
www.jeolusa.com/ms/docs/ionize.html

FAB/CFF Key References-

A Historial Perspective of the Coupling of LC & MS
Abian, J., "The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry," J. Mass Spectrom. 34, pages 157-168 (1999).

CFF: pages 666R
Burlingame, A.L., Boyd, R.K., Gaskell, S.J., "Mass Spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 70, pages 467R-716R (1998).

Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.
Caprioli, R.M., Anal. Chem. 62, pages 477A-485A (1990).

Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.
Caprioli, R.M. (Ed.), Wiley: Chichester, 189 pages (1990).

Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.
Caprioli, R.M., Trends Anal. Chem. 7, pages 328-333 (1988).

AFB/CFF Technology Review(s)-

Appendix C and Chapter 2 of "A Global View of LC/MS"
Willoughby, R.C. Sheehan, E.W., Mitrovich, S., Global View Publishing: Pittsburgh; 500 pages (1997).

Liquid Chromatography/Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.
Stroh, J.G., Rinehart, K.L., Top. Mass Spectrom. 1, pages 287-311 (1994).

Chapter 8, Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment (In: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications).
Niessen, W.M.A., van der Greef, J., pages 203-217, Marcel Dekker: New York,; 479 pages (1995).

Reviews on Inductively Coupled Plasma [ICP]

Comparison of GFAAS, ICP-OES & ICP-MS for trace metal determination
Brandl, W., Hunter, R., "Benchtop ICP-MS breaks the bottleneck in inorganic elemental analysis", Spectroscopy 14, pages 30, 32, 34-35. (1999).

ICP-MS
Gluodenis, T.J., "ICP-MS; The new standard for inorganic analysis," American Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 24S-27S (November 1998).

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
edited by Akbar Montaser, Wiley-VCH: New York (1998).