LC Terminolgy
Majors, R.E., Carr, P.W., Glossary of
HPLC and LC separation terms,” IN: Column Watch, Majors, R.E. (ed.), LC
GC North America 26, pages 118-120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136,
138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168
(2008).
Variables for HPLC Columns
|
|
Column Type
|
|
Variable
|
Analytical
|
Reduced
Bore
|
Narrow
Bore
|
Microbore
|
Capillary
|
|
Bore Size (mm)
|
4.6
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
|
Flow Rate (mL/min)
|
1
|
0.42
|
0.19
|
10.047
|
0.012
|
0.004
|
|
Daily Use (mL/day)
|
1.440
|
612
|
268
|
67
|
17
|
5.76
|
|
Sample Injection Volumes (uL)
|
40
|
17
|
7.56
|
1.89
|
0.48
|
0.16
|
|
|
20
|
8.5
|
3.78
|
0.94
|
0.24
|
0.08
|
|
Optimal
|
10
|
4.25
|
1.89
|
0.47
|
0.12
|
0.04
|
|
Optical Cell Volume for
10mm Length
|
7.8
|
3.3
|
1.5
|
0.36
|
0.09
|
0.03
|
|
Optical Cell Volume for
8mm Length
|
6.2
|
2.6
|
1.2
|
0.29
|
0.07
|
0.02
|
|
Optical Cell Bore (mm)
|
1
|
0.65
|
0.44
|
0.21
|
0.11
|
0.06
|
|
from
Masi. C.G., "HPLC Squeezes Out Information," Drug
Discovery & Development 5, pages 52-54 (February 2002).
|
Top 10 HPLC Column Myths
Majors, R.E., "Top 10 HPLC column myths," LC
GC 24, pages 1172, 1174, 1176, 1178-1182 (2006).
Sample Degradation
Bell, F., Dolan, J.W., "On-column sample degradation," LC
GC 24, pages 1184, 1186, 1188, 1190 (2006).
Highlights of HPLC 2005
Majors, R.E., "Highlights of HPLC 2005," LC
GC 23, pages 988, 990, 992, 994, 996-998, 1000, 1002, 1004-1005, 1007
(2005).
The Top 10 Things to Do to
Improve Columns Life
Dolan, J.W., " LC columns-The top-10 list," LC
GC 21, pages 262, 264, 266 (2003).
|
Dedicate Columns
|
|
Use In-Line Filters
|
|
Flush Columns Regularly
|
|
Use Guard Columns
|
|
Control Column Temperature
|
|
Avoid Void Volumes
|
|
Retire Columns Early
|
|
Ensure Supply of
Packing/Column Material
|
|
Minimize Garbage Injected
Onto the Column
|
|
Pure Solvents are Good
|
HPLC Leaks the Bane of LC/MS
Dolan, J.W., "Not another leak!," LC
GC 21, pages 440, 442, 444 (2003).
Mobile-Phase Buffer
Tindall, G.W., Dolan, J.W., "Mobile-phase buffers, Part III-Preparation
of Buffers," LC GC
Europe 16, pages 64, 66, 68 (2003).
Gradient HPLC
Dolan, J.W., "The hazards of adjusting gradients," LC
GC 20, pages 940, 942, 944, 946 (2002).
Multidmensional HPLC
Wehr, T., "Multidimensional liquid chromatography in proteomic
studies," LC
GC 20, pages 954, 956--958, 960-962 (2002).
The Road to Partition
Lesney, M.S., "HPLC-The road to partition," Today's Chemist at
Work pages 27-28, 30 (September 2002).
Narrow-Bore Columns
Neue, U.D., "HPLC troubleshooting: Narrow-bore columns," American
Laboratory 29, pages 17V-17x (1997).
CEC
Pesek, J.J., Matyska, M.T., "A versatile method for biological and
pharmaceutical analysis: Open tubular capillary electrochromatography," Chromatography
Perspectives: A Supplement to American Laboratory, pages 22-26 (2002).
Separation Science at PIITCON'02
Stevenson, R., "The world of separation science: Separation science
instruments @ PITTCON'02, A year of evolutionary advances in separation
science," American
Laboratory 34, pages 12, 14-18, 20, 22-30 (2002).
HPLC Columns: Current &
Future Trends, plus LC/MS Impact
Henry, R. A., "A perspective on high-performance liquid
chromatography," American
Laboratory 34, pages 25-31(2002).
CE
Hu, S., Dovichi, N. J., "Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of
biopolymers," Anal. Chem.
74, pages 2833-2850 (2002).
Columns
LaCourse, W. R., "Columns liquid chromatography: Equipment and
Instrumentation," Anal.
Chem. 74, pages 2813-2832 (2002).
Sample Prep for Genomics
Majors, R. E., "Automation of Sample Preparation for Genomics," LC
GC 20, pages 416,420, 422, 424, 428, 428 (2002).
Chromatography Data Systems
Rooney, T. A., "Chromatography Data Systems: On Track at Speed," Today's
Chemist at Work 10, pages 31, 32, 34, 35 (September 2001).
Historical Perspective of LC
Lesney, M. S., "Evolving LC: The Life Enabling Technology,"
Chromatography, A Supplement to Today's
Chemist at Work, pages 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20 (2001).
Historical Perspective of IC
& IEC
Willis, R. C., "Getting Down to Basics: IC and IEC,"
Chromatography, A Supplement to Today's
Chemist at Work, pages 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 47, 48 (2001).
Historical Perspective of HPLC
Filmore, D., Lesney, M. S., "Performing Under Pressure: The Rise of
HPLC," Chromatography, A Supplement to Today's
Chemist at Work, pages 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 61, 62 (2001).
Historical Perspective of LC
& Affinity Chromatography
Felton, M. J., D., Lesney, M. S., "To Affinity and Beyond: Analytical
Alphabet Soup," Chromatography, A Supplement to Today's
Chemist at Work, pages 65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 74 (2001).
Tandem & Hyphenated
Prespective
Vogelson, C. T., "Toward the Future: Tandem and Hyphenated
Methods," Chromatography, A Supplement to Today's
Chemist at WorkToday's Chemist at Work, pages 77, 78, 81, 82, 85-87 (2001).
Generic SPE LC/MS Analysis
Koster, E., Vrielink, D., Ooms, B., "New Instrumentation for High Speed
On-Line Solid Phase Extraction," Pharmaceutical Laboratory,
LaboratoryAutomation Review, pages 20, 23-24 (Summer 2001).
SFC & Drugs
Phinney, K. W., "SFC of Drug Enantiomers," 19, Anal. Chem.
72, pages 204A-211A (2000).
Glossary of Separation Terms
Majors, R.E., Carr, P.W., "Column Watch: Glossary of Liquid-Phase
Separation," LC-GC
19, pages 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 135, -138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150,
152-156, 158, 160, 162 (February 2001).
Columns & Electrospray
LC/MS, Part I
Needlam, S.R., Brown, P.R., "The Role of the Column for the Analysis of
Drugs and Other Components by HPLC/ESI/MS: Part I," American
Pharmaceutical Review 3, pages 45, -47, 49-50 (2000).
Columns & Electrospray
LC/MS, Part II
Needlam, S.R., Brown, P.R., "The Role of the Column for the Analysis of
Drugs and Other Components by HPLC/ESI/MS: Part II," American
Pharmaceutical Review 4, pages 79-82 (2000).
Capillary Columss Are Not
Just for GC!
Ettre, L.S., "Evolution of Capillary Columns for Gas Chromatography," LC-GC
19, pages 48, 50, 52-56, 58-59 (January 2001).
Recent Stationary-Phase
Developments
Majors, R.E., "Stationary-Phase Technology in Separation Science," LC-GC
18, pages 1214, 1216, 1219-1227 (December 2000).
Changing to Narrow-Bore
Columns & Scaling to the Diameter2
Dolan, J. W., "Reducing Column Diameter in Gradient Elution- A Case
Study," LC-GC
18, pages 1228, 1230,1232 (December 2000).
Scaling Gradient LC Methods
to LC-MS
Merdink, J. L., Dolan, J. W., "Scaling Gradient LC Methods to LC-MS," LC-GC
18, pages 1034-1039 (October 2000).
HPLC 2000
Majors, R.E., "A Special Report on HPLC 2000," LC-GC
18, pages 1122, 1124, 1127-1134 (November 2000).
Hybrid Columns
Cheng, Y.-F., Walter, T.H., Lu, X., Iraneta, P., Alden, B.A., Gendreau, C., Neue,
U.D., Grassi, J.M., Carmody, J.L., O'Gara, J.E., Fisk, R.P., "Hybride
Organic-Inorganic Particle Technology: Breaking Through Traditional Barriers of
HPLC Separations," LC-GC
18, pages 1162, 1164, 1166, 1168, 1170, 1172 (November 2000).
|
Reviews
on Reversed Phase-
|
TFA-Containing Eluents
Choikhet, K., Glatz, B., Rozing, G., "The physicohemical causes of
baseline disturbances in HPLC, Part I-TFA-containing eluents," LC
GC Europe 16, pages 96, 98-100, 102-105 (2003).
Post-Column Photolysis
Kaufman, A. D., Kissinger, P.T., "Extra-column band spreading
concerns in post-column photolysis reactors for microbore liquid
chromatography," Current Separation 17, pages 9-16 (1998).
New Columns &
Accessories for LC/MS, see Table IV: New high performance liquid chromatography
specialty columns
Majors, R.E., "New Chromatography Columns and Accessories at the 2001
Pittsburgh Conference, Part I," LC-GC
19, pages 272, 275-280, 282-284, 286-288 (March 2001).
Buffers in Reversed-Phase
LC/MS
"Generally, ... for LC/MS, 5-10 mM is a good guideline. In preparing
the aqueous buffer, dissolve it in ~95% the final volume, make the desired pH
adjustment, (always operate the pH-meter within a range it has been calibrated),
bring the solution to volume, and then filter it (0.45 micron) prior to use as
is or before addition of organic modifier."
|
Buffer
|
pka
(25° C)
|
Maximum
Buffer Range
|
UV Cutoff
(nm)
|
|
Trifluoroacetic Acid
|
0.3
|
-----
|
210 (0.1%)
|
|
Formate
|
3.8
|
2.8-4.8
|
210 (10mM)
|
|
Acetate
|
4.8
|
3.8-5.8
|
210 (10mM)
|
|
Ammonia
|
9.25
|
8.3-10.3
|
210 (10mM)
|
|
Ammonium Bicarbonate
|
9.25, 10.25
|
8.2-10.5
|
---
|
"Buffers in Reversed-Phase
Liquid Chromatography," TheReporter
19, pages 1, 4 (2001) & Neue, U.D., "HPLC Troubleshooting: Alkaline
buffers for RPLC," Spectoscopy (February 2002).
RP Columns for Peptides
Analysis-No Need of Trifluoroacetic Acid
PepMap by LC Packings,
is an engineered silica based C18 stationary phase with virtually zero
silanophilic activity. The need for of TFA in peptide mapping is no longer
required, allowing for the use of solvent additives more compatible [avoiding
signal suppression] with electrospray, such as formic and acetic acid.
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
RP Columns Stable at All
pH's
Kirkland, J.J., Adams Jr., J.B., van Straten, M.A., Claessens, H.A., "Bidentate
silane stationary phases for reversed-phase high performance liquid
chromatography", Anal. Chem.
70, pages 4344-4352 (1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
21st International Symposium
on High Performance Liquid Phase Separation & Related Techniques,
Birmingham, United Kingdom, June 22-27, 1997
Fell, A.F. (editor), J.
Chromatogr. A. 797, pages 1-316 (Part I); & 798, pages 1-349 (Part
II), 1998.
The HPLC Solvent Guide
Sadek, P.C., Wiley-Interscience
Publication: New York (1997).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part I," LC-GC 15, pages 220-237, 1997.
Practical HPLC Method
Development
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J., Glajch, J.L. (Eds.), 2nd. edition, Wiley:
New York, 800 pages (1997).
HPLC: A Practical User's
Guide
McMaster, M.C., VCH
Publishers: New York; 211 pages (1994).
Diode Array Detection in
HPLC
Huber, L., George, S.A. (Eds.), Marcel
Dekker: New York; 400 pages (1993).
How to Use Reverse Phase
HPLC
Gabor, S., VCH
Publishers: New York; 356 pages (1992).
Introduction to Modern
Liquid Chromatography
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J., Wiley:
New York; 863 pages (1979).
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
21st International Symposium
on High Performance Liquid Phase Separation & Related Techniques,
Birmingham, United Kingdom, June 22-27, 1997
Fell, A.F. (editor), J.
Chromatogr. A. 797, pages 1-316 (Part I); & 798, pages 1-349 (Part
II), 1998.
The HPLC Solvent Guide
Sadek, P.C., Wiley-Interscience
Publication: New York (1997).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part I," LC-GC
15, pages 220-237, 1997.
Practical HPLC Method
Development
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J., Glajch, J.L., 2nd. edition, Wiley:
New York; 800 pages (1997).
HPLC: A Practical User's
Guide
McMaster, M.C., VCH
Publishers: New York; 211 pages (1994).
Diode Array Detection in
HPLC
Huber, L., George, S.A. (Eds.), Marcel
Dekker: New York; 400 pages (1993).
Introduction to Modern
Liquid Chromatography
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J. (Eds.), Wiley:
New York; 863 pages (1979).
|
Reviews
on Size Exclusion-
|
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
21st International Symposium
on High Performance Liquid Phase Separation & Related Techniques,
Birmingham, United Kingdom, June 22-27, 1997
Fell, A.F. (editor), J.
Chromatogr. A. 797, pages 1-316 (Part I); & 798, pages 1-349 (Part
II), 1998.
The Use of Restricted-Access
Media in HPLC, Part I- Classification and Review
Boos, K.-S., Rudolphi, A., LC-GC
15, pages 602, 604, 606-611 (1997).
The HPLC Solvent Guide
Sadek, P.C., Wiley-Interscience
Publication: New York (1997).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part I," LC-GC
15, pages 220-237, 1997.
Practical HPLC Method
Development
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J., Glajch, J.L. (Eds.), 2nd. edition, Wiley:
New York; 800 pages (1997).
HPLC: A Practical User's
Guide
McMaster, M.C., VCH
Publishers: New York; 211 pages (1994).
Introduction to Modern
Liquid Chromatography
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J. (Eds.), Wiley:
New York; 863 pages (1979).
Modern Size Exclusion Liquid
Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography
Yau, W.W., Kirkland, J.J., Bly, D.D., Wiley:
New York; 476 pages (1979).
|
Reviews
in Ion Chromatography-
|
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
21st International Symposium
on High Performance Liquid Phase Separation & Related Techniques,
Birmingham, United Kingdom, June 22-27, 1997
Fell, A.F. (editor), J.
Chromatogr. A. 797, pages 1-316 (Part I); & 798, pages 1-349 (Part
II), 1998.
The HPLC Solvent Guide
Sadek, P.C., Wiley-Interscience
Publication: New York (1997).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part I," LC-GC
15, pages 220-237, 1997.
HPLC: A Practical User's
Guide
McMaster, M.C., VCH
Publishers: New York; 211 pages (1994).
Ion Chromatography
Small, H., Plenum Press: New York; 276 pages (1990).
Retention Model for
High-Performance Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Kopaciewicz, W., Rounds, M.A., Fausnaugh, J., Regnier, F.E., J.
Chrom. 266, pages 3-21 (1983).
Introduction to Modern
Liquid Chromatography
Synder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J. (Eds.), Wiley:
New York; 863 pages (1979).
|
Reviews
in Capillary Electrophoresis-
|
CE & Biopharmaceuticals
Wehr, T., CE in the Biopharmaceutical Industry-A Meeting Review", LC-GC
19, pages 398,400, 402, 404, 406-407, 2001.
CE & Chips
Guzman, N.A., Majors, R.E., "New directions for concentration sensitivity
enhancements in CE microchip technology", LC-GC
19, pages 14, 16, 19-20, 21, 24, 26-27, 2001.
CE & Pharmaceutical
Applications
Schneider, I., "Pharmaceuticals migrate toward Capillary
Electrophoresis", Today's
Chemist at Work 8, pages 44-47 (1999).
CE & CEC Website
Includes background information, diagrams, equations, & links to
other CE- & CEC-related Internet sites. www.ceandcec.com.
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
4th Capillary
Electrophoresis Symposium, Gottingen, Germany, September 22-23, 1997
Gitter, C., Frey, R. (editors), J.
Chromatogr. A 807, pages 1-149 (1998).
10th International Symposium
on High performance Capuillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale
Techniques, Kyoto, Japan, July 8-11, 1997
J. Chromatogr. A 802, pages 3-248 (1998).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part II," LC-GC
15, pages 310-324, 1997.
Capillary Electrophoresis
Guide Book: Principles, Operation and Applications
Altria, K.D. (Ed.), Humana Press: Totowa; 349 pages (1996).
Handbook of Capillary
Electrophoresis
Landers, J.P., CRC Press: Boca Raton; 736 pages (1996).
Capillary Electrophoresis
Baker, D., Wiley:
New York; 256 pages (1995).
Capillary Electrophoresis:
Principles and Practice
Kuhn, R., Hoffstetter-Kuhn, S., Springer-Verlag: New York; 375 pages (1993).
|
Reviews
in Capillary Electrochromatography-
|
Fundamanetals of CEC
MXiang, R., Horvath, C., "Fundamentals of capillary
electrochromatography: Migration behavior of ionized sample components," Anal.
Chem. 74, pages 762-770 (2002).
CE + HPLC = CEC
Murray, R.W., Editorial: "CE + HPLC = CEC," Anal.
Chem. 71, page 499A (1999).
CE & CEC Website
Includes background information, diagrams, equations, & links to
other CE- & CEC-related Internet sites. www.ceandcec.com
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Advances in Capillary
Electrochromatography: Rapid & High-Efficiency Separations of PAHs
Dadoo, R., Zare, R.N., Yan, C., Anex, D.S., Anal.
Chem. 70, pages 4787-4792 (1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
CEC '98: The
State-of-the-Art
Stevenson, R., Mistry, K., Krull, I.S., "CEC '98: The stae-of-the-art,"
American Laboratory 30, pages 16A-16L, August, 1998.
10th International Symposium
on High performance Capuillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale
Techniques, Kyoto, Japan, July 8-11, 1997
J. Chromatogr. A 802, pages 3-248 (1998).
Review of Chromatography
Columns and Packings Introduced at Pittcon'97
Majors, R.E., "New chromatography columns and accessories at the 1997
Pittsburgh Conference, Part II," LC-GC
15, pages 310-324, 1997.
SFC
see Berger Instruments
|
Reviews
in Sample Preparation-
|
Membrane Extraction
Jonsson, J.A., Mathiasson, L., "Membrane extraction for sample
preparation," LC
GC 21, pages 424, 428, 430, 434, 436-438 (2003).
LC/MS Sample Preparation
Henion, J., Brewer, E., Rule, G., Today's
Chemist at Work 8, pages 36-42, (February 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
American Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "New developments at HPLC '98", American
Laboratory, News Edition 30, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Review of HPLC '98 in
Biotechnology Laboratory
Stevenson, R., "HPLC '98", American
Biotechnology Laboratory 16, pages 4, 6, 8, 10 (November 1998).
Sample Preparation for
LC/MS/MS: Analyzing Biological & Environmental Samples
Henion, J., Brewer, E., Rule, G., Anal.
Chem. 70, pages 650A-656A (1998).
Handbook of Derivatization
Reactions for HPLC
Lunn, G., Hellwig, L.C., Wiley:
New York (1998).
Solid-Phase Extraction,
Principles & Practice
Thurman, E.M., Mills, M.S., John
Wiley & Sons: New York (1998).
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Pawliszyn, J., John Wiley &
Sons: New York (1998).
|